In this article, we use time and frequency domain sum frequency generation to study acetonitrile ch 3 cn molecules from the liquid phase adsorbed on a very thin gold film. Sfg spectroscopy is widely used as a powerful tool of surface characterization, although theoretical interpretation of the obtained spectra has been a major bottleneck for most users. Osa sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopic. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadenings and the voigt line shapes in the phaseresolved and intensity sumfrequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. Sumfrequency generation spectroscopy of interfaces. Furthermore, thg is a special case of sum frequency generation sfg involving one, two, or three different frequencies giving. Sum frequency generation sfg vibrational spectroscopy, a secondorder nonlinear optical technique, occurs at a surface or interface where the inversion symmetry. Two seemingly different approaches to specify bulk nonlinearity that includes electricquadrupole and magneticdipole contributions are shown to yield the same sum frequency output if surface. The emphasis is put on secondorder nonlinear optical techniques, such as sumfrequency generation sfg, which possess. This book describes fundamental theory and recent advances of sum frequency generation sfg spectroscopy. We report on the recent scientific research contribution of nonlinear optics based on sumfrequency generation sfg spectroscopy as a surface probe of the plasmonic properties of materials. Journal of the american chemical society 2006, 128 50, 1601616017.
Buy fundamentals of sumfrequency spectroscopy cambridge molecular science. Ginzton laboratory, stanford university, stanford, california 94305, usa received 18 september 2008. We characterized bsla, a bacterial biofilm protein, at the airwater interface using vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy and observed one of the sharpest amide i bands ever reported. Sum frequency generation sfg vibrational spectroscopy has been employed to study a variety of interesting biological phenomena occurring at interfaces. In the electricdipole approximation, all evenorder. Charles hard townes award from the osa, the arthur l. Broadband sum frequency generation with two regenerative amplifiers.
To count unique numeric values in a range, you can use a formula based on the frequency and sum functions. Recent advances in sfg theory have brought about a breakthrough in the analysis methods beyond. Sapphire laser in bbo crystal, it can generate wavelength as short as 193nm. For the experimental ir spectrum, the unit is lmol cm. Ch 3 surface groups were followed revealing that only the first. Femtosecond sum frequency generation at the metalliquid. Jun 18, 2012 a detailed description on the basic theory of optical sum frequency generation from an interfacial system is presented. Twodimensional sumfrequency generation 2d sfg spectroscopy. The underlying surface chemistry during the initial cycles of ald was monitored with in situ broadband sumfrequency generation bbsfg spectroscopy. The theoretical topics are treated at basic levels. Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy using.
Beginning with an overview of the historical context, and introductions to the basic theory of nonlinear optics and surface sum frequency generation, topics covered include discussion of different experimental arrangements adopted by researchers, notes on proper data analysis, an uptodate survey commenting on the wide range of successful. One realizes 108 permutations with different time ordering of three different laser beams distinguished by frequency, andor wave vector, andor polarization. We report on a laser source at 589 nm based on sum frequency generation of two infrared laser at 1064 nm and 19 nm. The second term, being the lowestorder nonlinear optical response, is responsible for sumfrequency generation and secondharmonic generation with v 1.
Sum frequency generation spectroscopy in biosensors. A sum frequency generation sfg vibrational microspectroscopy system was developed to examine buried heterogeneous biointerfaces. Yag laser and a 1535nm fiber laser, resulting in an output at 628 nm. We developed an expression for the calculation of the sum frequency generation spectra sfg of water interfaces that is based on the projection of the atomic velocities on the local normal modes. Yag laser, l 1 1064nm, l 2 532nm and generated wavelength l 3 355nm. Unit converters and calculators of optical system and material properties refractive index, dispersion, diffraction angles, laser pulse elongation, etc. Ginzton laboratory, stanford university, stanford, california 943054085 received november 24, 2003 we present a device to facilitate singlephoton detection at communication wavelengths based on continuouswave sumfrequency generation with an upconversion efficiency exceeding 90%. Published 31 march 2005 2005 iop publishing ltd reports on progress in physics, volume 68, number 5.
Nov 20, 2005 in this article, we use time and frequency domain sum frequency generation to study acetonitrile ch 3 cn molecules from the liquid phase adsorbed on a very thin gold film. Sum frequency generation optics toolbox interactive. For example, assume you have a list of employee numbers together with hours worked on project x, and you want know how many employees worked on that project. Ultrafast spectroscopic techniques provide invaluable information in understanding complex surface phenomena. A theoretical description of the vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy of interfaces angela s. The output wavelength can be tuned with each ppln grating by adjusting the input laser wavelength and varying the ppln temperature. Our 2d ir and 2d sfg apparati were similar to those we have described previously.
With the rapid development of materials science, ondemand techniques are highly needed with the capability to characterize materials in the micrometer and nanometer scales. Theory of sum frequency generation spectroscopy akihiro. Combining methods of surface pressure measurements, thin film xray reflectivity, and atomic force microscopy, we showed extremely ordered bsla at. Our approach permits one to obtain the sfg signal from suitable velocityvelocity correlation functions, reducing the computational cost to that of the accumulation of a molecular dynamics. Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy sfs is a surfacespeci. Since the first publication of the sumfrequency generation spectrum in the frequency region of the bending mode from the waterair interface, there have been. Frequency tripling or third harmonic generation thg is an other example of sum frequency generation where, for thg of nd. Sum frequency generation sfg spectroscopy is becoming a powerful tool in the research on. Sum frequency generation spectra from velocityvelocity. Yag laser at a wavelength of 1064 nm, the other one is created in a bbo. Part of theamerican studies commons this dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the graduate school at scholar. Sfg spectroscopy is widely used as a powerful tool of surface characterization, although theoretical interpretation. The first book on the topic, and written by the founder of the technique, this. Sum and difference frequency generation are nonlinear processes generating beams with the sum or difference of the frequencies of the input beams.
Homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadenings and the voigt line shapes in the phaseresolved and intensity sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. Some typical applications of sum frequency generation are. Improved computation of sum frequency generation spectrum of. Sum frequency generation sfg spectroscopy is a powerful experimental. Osa sumfrequency generation of 589 nm light with nearunit. Kafle k, xi x, lee c, tittmann b, cosgrove d, park y, kim s 2014b cellulose microfibril orientation in onion allium cepa l. Pdf sumfrequency generation spectroscopy of interfaces. A theoretical analysis of the sum frequency generation spectrum. The phasematching condition k 2 2 k 1 implies that the phase of the term e 1 2 e 2 remains constant along the propagation direction. Sumfrequency generation spectroscopy of interfaces iopscience. Investigating buried polymer interfaces using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. Sfs relies on the nonlinear optical phenomenon of sum frequency generation sfg.
Sumfrequency generation an overview sciencedirect topics. Sum frequency generation spectroscopy in biosensors technology. Sum frequency generation sfg spectroscopy is becoming a powerful tool in the research on surface science because of its high surfaceinterface selectivity and versatile applicability 16. Both the interface and the bulk generally contribute to the sum frequency output. Franken and coworkers focused a pulsed ruby laser into a quartz crystal and showed that light at twice the laser frequency was generated. Surface properties probed by secondharmonic and sum. Two seemingly different approaches to specify bulk nonlinearity that includes electricquadrupole and magneticdipole contributions are shown to yield the same sumfrequency output if surface. Rp photonics encyclopedia phase matching, phasematched. Here youll find current best sellers in books, new releases in books, deals in books, kindle ebooks, audible audiobooks, and so much more. This phenomenon is based on the annihilation of two input photons at angular frequencies and while, simultaneously, one photon at frequency is generated. Twodimensional sumfrequency generation 2d sfg reveals. Bab2o4 has been studied by mixing the unpolarized output of an excimer laser pumped dye laser with its second harmonic.
Sum frequency generation spectroscopy sfg is a nonlinear laser spectroscopy technique used to analyze surfaces and interfaces. Implementing the theory of sum frequency generation. Sum frequency generation imaging microscopy of co on platinum. Fundamentals of sumfrequency spectroscopy cambridge. Basic theory of surface sumfrequency generation the. In a typical sfg setup, two laser beams mix at an interface and generate an output beam with a frequency equal to the sum of the two input frequencies, traveling in a direction given by the sum of the incident beams wavevectors. Perry university of south florida follow this and additional works at. New insights from sum frequency generation vibrational. Looking at the data, you can see that the same employee numbers appear more. A narrow amide i vibrational band observed by sum frequency. Optical secondharmonic generation and the related technique of infrared visible light sumfrequency generation are extremely versatile tools. The emphasis is put on secondorder nonlinear optical techniques, such as sum frequency generation sfg, which possess.
Sumfrequency generation sfg is a second order nonlinear optical process based on the annihilation of two input photons at angular frequencies. Beginning with an overview of the historical context, and introductions to the basic theory of nonlinear optics and surface sumfrequency generation, topics covered include discussion of different experimental arrangements adopted by researchers, notes on proper data analysis, an uptodate survey commenting on the wide range of successful. The power and frequency stability of this source are ideally suited for cooling and trapping of. Differencefrequency generation dfg is a nonlinear optical process generation of light with a frequency that is the difference between two other frequencies. We report on a laser source at 589 nm based on sumfrequency generation of two infrared laser at 1064 nm and 19 nm. Chiral vibrational structures of proteins at interfaces. Sum and difference frequency generation rp photonics. The books homepage helps you explore earths biggest bookstore without ever leaving the comfort of your couch.
A theoretical description of the vibrational sum frequency. Periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide sumfrequency. Adding a parameter to the sumiffrequency formula to narrow. Difference frequency generation dfg is a nonlinear optical process generation of light with a frequency that is the difference between two other frequencies. K380,1 i would like to add a parameter so that the range being evaluated is limited to rows where the data in column p is equal to a specific cell reference. Many ultrafast techniques including vibrational sum frequency generation sfg are developing in a rapid pace, however very little academic literature exists on how to best utilize this novel techniques towards real life applications. A compact optical microscope was constructed with totalinternal reflection tir sfg geometry to monitor the tightly focused sfg laser spots on interfaces, providing the capability of selectively probing different regions on heterogeneous biointerfaces. Initial growth study of atomiclayer deposition of al2o3 by. Theory of sum frequency generation spectroscopy akihiro morita. We report on the recent scientific research contribution of nonlinear optics based on sum frequency generation sfg spectroscopy as a surface probe of the plasmonic properties of materials.
The infraredvisible sum frequency generation sfg spectrum of the surface of. In particular, crystals as thin as 1020 m may be needed for generation of very short uv wavelengths below 300nm. It focuses on the chiral vibrational structures of proteins and presents the chiral. Vibrational sum frequency generation digital holography. Decoding the molecular water structure at complex interfaces. Sum frequency generation spectroscopy sfg is a nonlinear laser spectroscopy technique. Example applications include cascaded thg from 1550nm, and atomion cooling for quantum optics. Sfg is a secondorder nonlinear optical process in which two photons at frequencies. Sum frequency generation microscopy of microcontactprinted.
Twodimensional infrared and sum frequency generation spectroscopies. In this book we will refer to the two output fields as trigger and signal, without specific. By sum frequency of fundamental wavelength and thg of a ti. Stability of the sih bond on the hydrogenterminated si111 surface studied by sum frequency generation shen ye, toshiya saito, satoshi nihonyanagi, kohei uosaki and paulo b. Sum frequency generation in a bbo crystal we are interested in the frequency sum of two linearly polarized light beams. Sumfrequency generation spectroscopy in biosensors. Output power as high as 800 mw is achieved starting from 370 mw at 19 nm and 770 mw at 1064 nm, corresponding to converting roughly 90% of the 19 nm photons entering the cavity. Both the interface and the bulk generally contribute to the sumfrequency output. Sum frequency generation sfg vibrational spectroscopy, a secondorder nonlinear optical technique, occurs at a surface or interface where the inversion symmetry is broken under the electricdipole approximation. We show that although both time and frequency domain measurements are theoretically equivalent, the time domain experiments are more sensitive to the inhomogeneity of.
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